数字经济对中国全要素生产率的影响机理:提升效应还是抑制效果？

数字经济是新时代引领中国经济高质量发展的关键抓手。然而现阶段数字经济普惠性发展尚未实现，掣肘着其对国内全要素生产率的提升力度。文章在理论分析的基础上，基于熵权TOPSIS法测算了2012-2018年中国数字经济发展水平指数，探讨了中国数字经济对全要素生产率的影响机理。研究发现：数字经济的发展显著提升了中国全要素生产率水平，但区域层面上，东部地区的数字经济发展明显领先于中西部地区，引领着中国全要素生产率快速增长。从全要素生产率的分解指标来看，数字经济推动了技术效率提升，但现阶段国内关键核心技术环节薄弱以及数字产业化带来的人才和资金的虹吸效应导致数字经济对技术进步产生了阻碍作用。此外，当前数字经济对不同产业的渗透度存在明显的不均衡性，筑高了创新资源的流动壁垒，影响产业间协调创新及合理化布局，进而抑制了对全要素生产率的提升力度。进一步的机制检验表明在创新环境的支持下，人才集聚及金融规模强化了数字经济对全要素生产率的提升力度。     

Efficiency drivers of international airports: A worldwide benchmarking study

The main purpose of these work was to identify operational efficiency drivers of international airports. In order to achieve this, a two-step quantitative-qualitative research approach was conducted. In the first step, a two-stage DEA model was used, and it was possible to identify, within a sample of the 60 biggest airports from the six Airport Council International (ACI) regions, the most efficient airports of the world: Beijing International Airport, Heathrow International Airport, Dubai International Airport, and Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport. In the second step of the research, four airports were selected in order to search for the efficiency drivers. In this context, Heathrow International Airport was considered to be a benchmark and presented most of the identified efficiency drivers (27 of 31). Standing out were Just-in-Time (JIT) and Total Quality Management (TQM) principles and also Passenger boarding optimization, besides the presence of almost all of the most relevant efficiency drivers, according to airport managers.     

中国高技术产业技术创新效率影响因素研究——一个理论框架

系统识别高技术产业技术创新效率影响因素，厘清影响因素之间的相互作用关系，对于有针对性地制定高技术产业技术创新效率提升策略具有重要意义。运用文献编码分析方法，对中国知网中检索到的2000-2018年中国高技术产业技术创新效率影响因素相关文献进行编码与提炼，构建高技术产业技术创新效率影响因素综合研究框架。研究发现：高技术产业技术创新效率影响因素主要包括创新要素质量、产业组织因素、产业集聚水平、产业开放程度、产业创新导向、技术因素和环境因素；影响因素之间的相互作用关系错综复杂，共同影响高技术产业技术创新效率水平。最后，提出促进高技术产业技术创新效率提升的相关策略。     

价值链视角下科技人才分布对区域创新系统效率的影响

科技人才作为科技创新的主体，是区域创新系统的重要投入，其省际分布状况潜在影响着各区域创新效率。基于2009-2016年我国内地30个省级区域科技人才与研发面板数据，在创新价值链分解的基础上，分别考察科技人才数量与结构维度对区域创新系统三阶段效率的影响。结果发现：在数量维度下，科技人才分布规模对区域知识创新效率、专利创新效率有非线性倒U型影响，先后从人才聚集规模经济效应转向不经济效应;整体集中度提高即全国科技人才分布相对集中有助于提升各地区专利创新与产品创新效率;在结构维度下，科技人才队伍中女性与博士研发人员越来越高的比重对知识创新效率表现为负向影响作用。最后，结合新旧动能转换背景,提出积极发挥人才集聚正向效应的建议。inno[]rlzb[]rlzb[]czpz[]czpz[]cyjg[]cyjg[]dwkf[]dwkf〖BHDG1*3,WK7*3ZQ,WK6。9DWW〗     

城市创新行为改善生态效率了吗？——基于空间关联与溢出视角的考察

文章在理论层面探讨了创新对生态效率的影响机制，并基于城市空间关联与溢出视角，采用我国2007-2016年260个城市面板数据，运用空间计量模型检验了创新对生态效率的影响效应及多维度的城市异质性。进一步地，文章还通过对不同距离阈值上的创新空间溢出效应进行估计，测算了创新空间溢出的距离边界，检验了创新空间溢出驱动城市绿色发展的最佳地理距离区间，从而为增强区域创新合作以提升区域整体绿色发展水平提供了可供参考的量化依据。研究发现：总体而言，创新具有的增长效应、资源与环境效应、结构优化效应是促进城市生态效率改善的重要途径，且产出端创新对生态效率的驱动效应强于投入端创新；但创新对生态效率的影响具有显著的城市异质性，依赖于城市区位、所在城市群、环境政策、资源禀赋、创新能力和市场化水平；城市创新行为具有显著的空间溢出效应，但空间溢出随距离变化呈衰退趋势，350公里以内为创新活动的密集溢出区；生态效率也具有明显的空间溢出效应，经济越发达且联系越紧密、要素流动越自由、创新对生态效率驱动效应越强的地区，生态效率的空间溢出也越强。因此政府应完善创新激励政策、为创新外溢创造良好条件、注重引导创新的方向，并根据区域及城市发展实际，采取差异化的创新驱动绿色发展策略。     

Resource-envy-free and efficient allocations: A new solution for production economies with dedicated factors

I consider the problem of determining an equitable and efficient allocation of resources in production economies with factors which must be dedicated to production and cannot be consumed directly. First, I show that in such economies envy-free and efficient allocations exist under standard assumptions. However, I argue this notion of fairness is unsuitable for the present context. I then introduce a new notion of fairness, which I call resource-envy-freeness. First, I associate with each consumption bundle its resource footprint consisting of the vector of factors used to produce it. I then show that preferences over consumption bundles can be extended to preferences over factor bundles. An allocation is resource-envy-free if no agent prefers another agent’s resource footprint to its own. The analysis of resource-envy-free allocations in production is exactly analogous to the analysis of envy-free allocations in exchange. I establish that resource-envy-free and efficient allocations exist under standard assumptions, and I demonstrate that such allocations are intuitively appealing.     

Performance Measures in Dose-Finding Experiments

In the first phase of pharmaceutical development, and assuming that the probability of positive response increases with dose, the main statistical goal is to estimate a percentile of the dose–response function for a given target value $\mathrm{\Gamma }$. We compare the Maximum Likelihood and centred isotonic regression estimators of the target dose and we discuss several performance criteria to assess inferential precision, the amount of toxicity exposure and the trade-off between them for a set of some exemplary adaptive designs. We compare these designs using graphical tools. Several scenarios are considered using simulation, including the use of several start-up rules, the change of slope of the dose-toxicity function at the target dose and also different theoretical models, as logistic, normal or skew-normal distribution functions.     

Adapting financial rationality: Is a new paradigm emerging?

We discuss the implications of an alternative to the efficient market hypothesis (EMH) the adaptive market hypothesis (AMH). The AMH advances a theoretical basis for a new financial paradigm which can better model such phenomena as the recent financial crisis. The AMH regards the financial market order as evolving, tentative and defined by creative destruction in which trading strategies are introduced, mutate to survive, or face abandonment. The concept of investor rationality is less helpful than the distinction between investment strategies which are more or less well adapted to the prevailing market environment. We outline how a more systematic and grounded basis for behavioural finance can be developed in line with the latter approach. Based on this we develop testable hypotheses allowing the AMH to be distinguished from the EMH. Finally, we discuss how the AMH can aid our understanding of important issues in finance. A central insight is that in the survival of richest, as opposed to fittest, implied by the AMH there is much room for misallocation of resources as price and value uncouple. In this shifting financial market order the regulatory State features as a further market in which the vote market verifies or disrupts market conditions.     

Service provider responses to anxious and angry customers: different challenges, different payoffs

Anxiety and anger, two frequently experienced emotions during service consumption, arise from different appraisals of the eliciting event, i.e., attribution to uncontrollable circumstances and low coping potential for anxiety versus attribution to providers and high coping potential for anger. These appraisal differences were hypothesized to impact the occurrence of supportive provider responses (higher for anxiety than for anger), and the value given to supportive responses by anxious versus angry customers (higher evaluation for anxiety than for anger). It was also hypothesized that, although evaluation of provider response would mediate the relationship between the intensity of both anger and anxiety and satisfaction with the service encounter as a whole, the power of this mediating effect would be stronger for anxiety than for anger. Hypotheses were confirmed in a survey of air travel passengers reporting episodes of anxiety and anger. Implications of these results for challenges and payoffs involved in the development of adaptive response strategies to anxious and angry customers are discussed.     

论服务业在国民经济中的"黏合剂"作用

服务业在国民经济中的地位不断上升,已不再是"边缘化的或奢侈的经济活动",而是位于经济的核心地带.服务业在国民经济中的突出作用表现在它具有"黏合剂"的功能,也正因为这一功能使之成为经济增长和效率提高的助推器、经济竞争力提升的牵引力、经济变革与经济全球化的催化剂.切实培育与发挥服务业的经济牵引力、产业整合力与国际竞争力,有助于更好地推进我国的产业结构优化升级,形成以制造业为支撑、服务业全面发展的产业格局,增强服务贸易和商品贸易的国际竞争力,促进我国国民经济持续快速健康协调发展.